America Needs Internet Censorship Essay - 1046 Words

Tears begin to fall down a child’s face. Her body goes into shock out of fear. Her mother warned her about watching inappropriate content, and there it was, right on her computer screen. This could not have happened though. All she was doing was casually browsing the internet before a pop-up appeared. Although it may seem hard to believe, the major cause of events such as this is the lack of censorship on the internet. Internet censorship relates to the removal of offensive, inappropriate, or controversial content published online. The current problem with the internet is that there are few restrictions on what can be published or viewed. Several sites on the internet only offer a warning about inappropriate content that can easily be†¦show more content†¦As a matter of fact, those individuals with damaging thoughts are the ones that watch and produce pornography. Additionally, â€Å"exposure to obscene material correlates with increased rapes, prostitution, child mo lestation, violent crime, the abuse of women, and sex addiction in men† (Hacker 5). Many of these correlations are a result of ideas that pornography planted in minds. Pornography alone does not cause people to commit a sexual crime, but it affects minds enough to influence people to act in an unethical way. Censoring the internet would also protect the minds of citizens from corrupt propaganda. Propaganda that is placed by the government is generally misleading and discourages deep thinking. An example is Obama’s campaign in 2008. â€Å"People loved [Obama’s campaign], but many did not understand what type of change he was talking about. Such propaganda stirred passions and made people feel good, but it did not allow people to think critically about the issues. Rather, Obama smartly played off anti-incumbent sentiment that was sweeping the nation† (Snowball 71). Other times, the government will place propaganda on the internet to influence citizens to take a certain action. According to John Turner, â€Å"voters are being misled by the propaganda of think tanks and the Coalition.† Propaganda serves as part of government coercion. The propaganda seems to be an encouragement of action,Show MoreRelated Internet Censorship Essay - America Needs Censorship of Cyb erspace1330 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica Needs Censorship of Cyberspace      Ã‚  Ã‚   In June of 1998 the country was horrified to learn of the death of James Byrd Jr. He was a 49-year-old black man who had been found horribly mutilated after being dragged to death. Authorities have charged three men with murder and violation of civil rights (A Fatal Ride in the Night 33). Obviously, if convicted, these men are guilty of a horrible crime, but what if this crime had been committed after viewing a racist website? If a personRead MoreEssay about Internet Censorship Is a Form of Dictatorship605 Words   |  3 Pagesremoval of censorship.† Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet. In other words, one day you might not be able to Google everything you want to know as you can now. Although the Internet can be a dangerous without caution, countries need not to censor the Internet for their own selfish reasons. Internet censorship is a form of a dictatorship, and they can cause rio ts as well as take away our first amendment right. The Internet as weRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech Across The World Wide Web1133 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper #1 Internet censorship has been a growing issue in America. Many bills like The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PIPA) are trying to be passed that are trying to control the internet. If the internet is censored and controlled by the government we will be losing our freedom of speech across the world-wide web. This is huge issue in other countries where people are jailed and prosecuted forRead MoreCensorship Is Not Limited Repressive Regimes Or Network Television?1522 Words   |  7 PagesCensorship is not limited to repressive regimes or network television. Weather we know it or not censorship is happening all the time throughout the day. We censor ourselves, we listen to censored music and as students we see the internet being heavily censored in school. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was signed into law in 2000; the law requires any public schools or library to filter any inappropriate content from the computers being used by minors. Since the law has been put inRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of the press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship1199 Words   |  5 PagesStates of America, find censorship helpful when it protects their children from harmful things, but they are against censorship when it is used out of context. Parents seem to appreciate censorship more when it shelters children from learning indecent things in the world that could cause danger to themselves or the others around them (Pillai, Prabhakar ). But censorship is not always good like when it is used in school’s or in books; but censorship can be helpful when it is used on the internet, socialRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship On The Internet1558 Words   |  7 PagesPolitics October 30 2017 Censorship The internet is a vast database that allows for the entire world to be connected. However most people while surfing the internet have come across a censored page, or a website saying that this site has been â€Å"legally† blocked by the government. Censorship is defined as the suppression or prohibition of free speech by preventing a person from saying what they want to say. Typically in modern society, censorship takes place on the internet when certain items are deemedRead MoreModern Technology And Its Effect On Society Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesand with the internet came cyber-attacks. Governments all over the world continuously have to adjust to the new technology with policies that take away the rights and privacy of their citizens. How far is one supposed allow its country to spy on its citizens and take away their right to privacy? It is not the citizens’ responsibility to worry about the safety of the people, thus the cost of safety should not be on the sh oulders of the people. People who object to internet censorship believe thatRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society1680 Words   |  7 PagesI. A. Censorship. This single word describes the world’s history of literary sabotage, the idea of rejecting a concept or other medium of propaganda simply because it exhibits a disagreeable or supposedly immorally tepid aspect, then forcibly substituting a more ‘ethical’ ideal. Since King Hammurabi stamped out the first cuneiform laws in Babylon, human society has experienced relentless episodes of chronic censorship. It wasn’t until the Roman Empire however, that the word censor was coined, meaningRead More Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away from

Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - 665 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee To Kill A Mockingbird has several themes included in this classic novel. The theme of a book is defined by the dominating ideas in a literary work. It is an abstract concept that is made solid through the authors use of action, images, and characters. The main theme in this work is the reality of prejudice. Class, sex, and race are some of the prejudices present in the town of Maycomb. Prejudice concerning ones class in society is dominant in the town of Maycomb. Class structure in this novel is important because it creates a caste system for the people to follow. In this system, the black population permeates at the bottom. Families with the Finchs stature would be found at or near the†¦show more content†¦Not only could they do it for upholding their white supremacy; they could also say they were just protecting their women from a predator. The author portrays the women who have tea with Aunt Alexandra as representatives of the way a lady was supposed to act. They were to drink and converse with each other. They were made out to look extremely weak, and not dependent. Scout is also subject to this prejudice. Throughout the book she is constantly reprimanded and told to act like a lady,; because she wears pants or swears. Another example of this type of prejudice is the fact that women are not permitted to serve on juries solely because they are wome n. Atticus tries to explain to Scout with better reasons, but they arent much better. He says its to protect them from evil cases like Toms case, which is another example of making women appear weak. His other reason was that women are too talkative, and it would hold up the courtroom with questions. Racial prejudice runs deep in this novel. It is shown throughout the Tom Robinson trial. Even before the trial begins people were ridiculing the Finch family by calling them nigger-lovers,; and other epithets associated with this form of negativity. The town verbally attacks a white family just for defending a black person. More evidence of this extreme racism is found at the outcome of the trial. It is clear that Atticus proved Tom Robinson did not rape Mayella Ewell, and have beenShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used freq uently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children - 3463 Words

Introduction In one’s career, a social worker may need to help counsel or provide services to those who have experienced domestic violence, which is a common crime of violence or other abuse when one person batters another person they live with, such as a spouse or a common-law partner. It includes physical, emotional, psychological/mental, verbal, economic/financial, and sexual abuse. It can be a cycle of violence or a repeated pattern of power and control. The battered partner in the relationship is the most important concern in this situation, however it is also crucial that any child who may have observed or are exposed to domestic violence get the help that they need as well, considering it may have a lasting impact. The batterer may†¦show more content†¦The studies observed were mostly qualitative work and used research designs of longitudinal studies and longitudinal comparison studies. Some of the data collection methods used included case studies, structured and unstructu red interviews, focus groups, secondary data/document/records analyses, meta-analyses, questionnaires, and surveys. The sampling and levels of measurement each study chose was different, depending on their research design and data collection. Participants were a mix of males and females, however most studies looked only at males. Studies have shown that between 10% and 30% of adults have witnessed physical domestic violence during their childhood (Black, Sussman, Unger, 2010; Edleson, 1999; Godbout, Dutton, Lussier, 2009; Jankowski, Leitenberg, Henning, Coffey, 1999; Sappington, Pharr, Tunstall, Rickert, 1997). It has been suggested that psychological violence has gained less empirical attention than physical violence, however the results for children witnessing psychological violence are much higher, ranging from 46% to 58% (Black et al., 2010; Godbout et al., 2009). Edleson (1999) found that child abuse and witnessing domestic violence were significantly associated with use of violence. O’Keefe (1996) discovered that as child abuse increased, the impact of witnessing domestic violence decreased,

Challenges in the Emerging Economies-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Why did these Multinationals fail? If you were hired as a CEO of one of such Multinationals2.What would you do to address the challenges you face in emerging Economies? Answers: 1.Rationale for failing of multinationals with local firms in emerging economies It has been discerned that drive to decrease costs, well-known multinationals have focused increasingly on activities in terms of highest returns. This depicted outsourcing of those products which are of lower value activities and off shoring them into rising countries. However, the local companies can also source these mechanism and services. A decade ago, it was uncommon for skilled expatriate living in emerging markets to work for local companies. However, as the global talent group became more efficient, the multinationals were seen to face several hurdles. The rising challenge to use offshore mergers and acquisitions to capture assets, capability and potentialities and know how in the emerging nations took several years of time. Some of the other oppositions are seen in terms of political opposition (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). 2.Steps taken to address the challenges in the emerging economies It has been seen that multinationals are seen to face dissimilar demands for the various types of the products. In addition to this, the multinationals are seen to be efficient in adapting to the products and the services associated to the local conditions. Some of this has been evident with company like McDonald Corp.s, Big Mac, the epitome of a global and Chicken Maharaja Mac in India. However, to bring in the benefit like local integration, the different types of the companies needs to be embedded with local distribution supply, regulatory network and talent into a broader society and understand how superior multinationals have done to obtain the advantages of local integration. I would further look forward to customer engagement to go well beyond the market feedback. Some of the other initiative would involve talent pool development, determining the regulatory and institutional environment and supplier interaction (Savitz, 2013). Reference List Savitz, A. (2013).The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

Both prosperity and poverty are from Allah Essay Example

Both prosperity and poverty are from Allah Essay To limit spending will not bring prosperity nor over-expenditure cause poverty.It is an ethical obligation on mankind as a whole, not only Muslims, to care for and help each other i.e. for the wealthy to help the poverty-stricken amongst us. It is only right to help those in need as they are also human and have a right to live s humans.Islam is a practical religion concerned with the welfare of each and every individual. In fact, Islam is the only religion which has made charity compulsory.Wealth is a good asset if used in the correct manner but it can also be a very bad one if used in the wrong ways and so it is a test set by Allah. The prophet has said Every nation has a trial and the trial of my nation is their wealth.Wealth is regarded as a vital essential of support for both the religious and worldly affairs. Allah says: And give not unto the foolish your property which Allah has made a means of support for you.(Quraan 4:5)The spending of wealth is also an art as is the acquirin g. Wealth is meant to be spent; and not for hoarding so that one may become a miser. There are many lawful ways of spending: to spend on ones family, to spend in jihad, to give to the poor and needy, to spend on orphans and widows, and to free slaves are all examples.Poverty is very difficult to define, because, it varies from individual to individual. Although the Oxford English Dictionary is: destitution, deficiency, needy, and difficulties. Poverty is also a test, set by Allah. It isnt looked upon as a good factor; Islam rejects the notion of poverty as something holy. It should be fought. Islam urges us to make dua seeking independence of means. The prophet said in his duas O Allah I ask you forand independence of means.Islam uses numerous means to combat poverty, the principal being charity. Islam is the only religion which has made alms-giving obligatory. Muslims are given specific direction in the Quraan, Sunnah and ahadith to give charity. The right of a Muslim over another Muslim are five: Respond to a salaam to give a drink to the thirsty one. (Bukhaari)There are various types of charity, the most prominent is Zakah. The word Zakah means to purify/cleanse, it purifies the wealth from evil and the heart from greediness. Zakah is the third pillar of Islam. The prophet (p.b.u.h) said: Zakah is a great strong bridge. This means that it bridges the gap between the rich and poor and helps to bring about a feeling of equality.It is to give 2.5% of your wealth, annually to the poor. This applies to cash, property, businesses, and gold and silver jewellery. Zakah is obligatory on every free, mature, sane, Muslim, when he owns the amount which determines the payment of Zakah and has that amount for at least a year. Zakah is payable to 6 types of people: the poor, the needy, for those in debt, to the one fighting in the path of Allah, and for the stranded wayfarer.There are many benefits of giving charity, for example, increase of wealth, protection from calami ties, great riches in heaven, forgiveness, and the afore-mentioned purification of the soul. Verses 5-22 in Surah 76 describe the glorious riches to be bestowed upon those who help the needy, in heaven.Allah has also spoken of the punishments of those who do not pay in the Quraan: That which they hoard will be made a collar (in the form of a snake) on the day of the resurrection. This verse has been corroborated by a hadith of the prophet (p.b.u.h) which reports that he non-payers wealth will be turned into a venomous snake which will devour its owner and strangle him continuously thus Allah mentions the collar.There is one other essential charity known as sadaqat-ul-fitr which is paid on Eid-ul-fitr, so that the poor may also enjoy this occasion. It is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 per head and is to be paid before the Eid prayer. It is obligatory on those on whom Zakah is obligatory but age is not a factor and the father has to pay on behalf of his children.In addition to essential charities t here are also many voluntary charities for example:* Sadaqah-a voluntary act of alms for the cause of Allah, by Muslims who want to contribute more than their obligatory Zakah payment. There is no fixed amount for Sadaqah but rather you can give how much you want. The benefits are very similar to those of Zakah.* Sadaqah Jaariyah (continuous charity)-is money given for amenities which are purchased and their benefits are reaped and continued even after the death of the benefactor. The reward reaches him even after his death until the service has finished.* Waqf-property/land contributed to charitable organisations for use at their discretion.* Aqeeqah-refers to the ceremony which takes place on the 7th day of an infants life. The hair of head is shaved and its weight in silver is given to charity.* Qurbani-buying an animal whos meat is distributed amongst the poor on the festival of Eid-ul-Adha.The beneficiaries of charity must also try to support themselves, through lawful means, i f able to do so. Dependence of an able person on anyone else is a communal humiliation and a religious disgrace. Earning ones livelihood is a duty, which is blessed, rather than begging which is frowned upon in Islam. The holy prophet (p.b.u.h) has said: It is far better for one to take his rope, cut some wood, pile it and sell it rather than to beg others.Money can also be misused in many ways, the most common being interest or usury. This term, according to the oxford English dictionary, means lending of money at a ridiculous or illegal interest rate. The taking and/or giving of interest is totally haram in Islam. Usury gives to the rich and takes from the poor; this is totally against the concept of Zakah, and both parties lose out. The poor grow more indebted and the rich become richer and greedier, thus Islam forbids taking or giving interest.The North-South divide is the socio-economic divide which separates the rich North or the developed world, from the poor south otherwise known as the developing or third world. The phrase rich north, poor south is sometimes used.As countries become economically developed, they may become part of the Rich North, regardless of their geographical location, while any other countries which do not qualify for developed status are considered to be part of the Poor South.Every single human being, regardless of race, religion, or culture, has a right to live an average life and have the basic necessities of life, which are: clean drinking water, food, shelter, clothing, education, employment and medical care. The world is an unjust place and not everyone is fortunate enough to have these bare necessities.Education provides the key to a better future, helping people to fulfil their potential and pursue their goals in life. For millions of people across the developing world even basic education is simply out of reach.Poverty is closely linked to illiteracy-as both cause and consequence. Without basic literacy or skills the oppo rtunities for people to break free from poverty are limited. Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know? (Quran 39:9)Living in unhygienic conditions with little food and no clean water, millions of people are prone to malnutrition and ill health. Poverty creates a vicious cycle where the weak and malnourished easily fall ill, while those already suffering from disease become especially vulnerable to severe malnutrition.Without water no human being can live for more than 3 days. Although these poor people have access to water it is nearly always deadly and contains illnesses such as cholera and diarrhoea. Nutrition is needed to live and this can only be obtained through food. Nearly 12 million children under the age of 5 die ever year, and half of these deaths are caused by the primary effects of malnutrition. Malnourished children are 12 times more likely to die from preventable diseases such as diarrhoea and respiratory infection. If all the food in the world were eq ually distributed, every person would be able to consume 2,760 calories a day and be healthy and well-fed but sadly, this is not so, which is why there is a need for world development.There is too much inequality and injustices in the world, developed countries are rich, developing countries are getting richer and less developed countries (LDCs) are still very poor which is also why there is a need for world development.Moreover, because governments themselves in the South prevent their countries developing, by taking loans, and so adding to this divide. For example, Nigerias wealth helps drive the global economy, yet almost a third of its people live on less than 50p a day. LDCs take loans from developed countries who charge sky-scraping rates of interest. They are forced to grow cash crops like coffee, tea and tobacco when they could be growing food for their people.There is a need for world development because lack of development leads to:* Suffering due to hunger* Inability to r espond to natural disasters e.g. earthquakes, floods etc.* Resentment which in turn can lead to wars and terrorism* Corruption in LDCs* Cycles of depressionFurthermore, because short term charitable organisations lead to recurring problems, over-dependence on aid, decline in self-esteem and self-reliance, all these and more reasons for the need of world development.The G8 summit is a group of 8 nations who gather together annually to discuss the major problems of the day. The G8 summits have already achieved many concrete things such as setting up the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Health Fund), establishing a new relationship with Africa with the G8 Africa Action Plan in response to the African-led New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD), making safe nuclear facilities in Russia, launching the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, an agreed process for cancelling the debt of the worlds poorest countries and action against money laun dering.My chosen Muslim Charity Organisation is Islamic Relief (IR).Islamic Relief is an international relief and development charity organisation addressing the needs of the worlds poorest people. It is an independent Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) founded in Birmingham and established in 1984. 20 years on, and the organisation has grown seven figure budgets and hundreds of thousands of beneficiaries. The Islamic Relief logo is shown on the left.It has only one central aim, which they try to achieve: to alleviate the poverty and suffering of the worlds poorest people.Islamic Reliefs work ranges from emergency relief to long-term impact on projects in areas such as water and sanitation, health and nutrition, orphan sponsorship. They have managed to improve the lives of millions of people over the last 20 year.Education and Training Education projects have a long-term impact on poverty reduction. Islamic Relief schools and training centres throughout the world provide the means by which the poor can find a way out of the cycle of poverty.Health Nutrition Islamic Relief is committed to providing healthcare and basic medication and health education to the poor and needy. Many hospitals and mobile clinics have been set up over the last 20 years.Orphan Sponsorship In ten countries around the world, Islamic Relief cares for over five thousand orphans and their families, either through one-to-one sponsorship or through general welfare funds.Water Sanitation Islamic Relief is committed to helping communities gain access to clean water through its various water projects. By digging wells, building water supply systems and creating sanitation facilities, they hope to give as many people as possible access to this essential service.Income Generation Islamic Relief believes in helping people to help themselves. Their income-generation projects aim to help individuals utilise their own skills and resources to become self-reliant and try to re-construct their li ves.Emergency Relief Their Emergency Response Unit is always on standby, ready to reach victims in the shortest possible time. Their priority is always to provide the basic necessities of food, water, shelter and medical treatment to as many people as possible.Here are a few of their projects underway in the Pakistan earthquake-affected areas:* Twenty earthmoving vehicles opening roads* Food distributions to 180,000 people over 6 months* Delivering medicines worth à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 million* Providing access to clean water and to sanitation facilities* Supplying 10,000 families with tents* Warm clothing to 25,000 survivorsThey have also helped and are still helping for the Southeast Asia tsunami. Here is the Islamic Reliefs intervention in Banda Aceh (Indonesia) at a glance:* Distribution of 400 family sized tents among survivors* Loaning to the public to help re-establish businesses* Over 400 permanent homes under construction* Funding carpentry training for 42 people* Health clinics h ave been built and mobile health clinics are sent* Wells dug and pumps installed* 20 schools rebuilt* 174 lavatories built in 20 different locations* Tailors, fishing boats, rickshaws and other forms of aid have been suppliedIslamic Relief works in two general areas: It collects money on the one hand and implements projects on the other. Islamic Relief therefore maintains two types of offices: fundraising offices and field offices.Islamic Relief has 14 field offices spread across different countries where they work, including Albania, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bosnia, Chechnya, Egypt, India, Iraq, Kosovo, Mali, Pakistan, Palestine and Sudan.Through the generosity of the donor community over the past twenty years, Islamic Relief has earned a reputation for its capacity to help the poor and vulnerable. Islamic Relief is now a well known and respected aid agency committed to the worlds poorest people.

Equilibrium Constant Kc and How to Calculate It

Equilibrium Constant Kc and How to Calculate It Equilibrium Constant Definition The equilibrium constant is the value of the reaction quotient that is calculated from the expression for chemical equilibrium. It depends on the ionic strength and temperature and is independent of the concentrations of reactants and products in a solution. Calculating the Equilibrium Constant For the following chemical reaction:aA(g) bB(g) ↔ cC(g) dD(g) The equilibrium constant Kc is calculated using molarity and coefficients: Kc [C]c[D]d / [A]a[B]b where: [A], [B], [C], [D] etc. are the molar concentrations of A, B, C, D (molarity) a, b, c, d, etc. are the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation  (the numbers in front of the molecules) The equilibrium constant is a dimensionless quantity (has no units). Although the calculation is usually written for two reactants and two products, it works for any numbers of participants in the reaction. Kc in Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Equilibrium The calculation and interpretation of the equilibrium constant depends on whether the chemical reaction involves homogeneous equilibrium or heterogeneous equilibrium. All of the products and reactants are in the same phase for a reaction at homogeneous equilibrium. For example, everything could be a liquid or all the species could be gases.More than one phase is present for reactions that reach heterogeneous equilibrium. Usually, only two phases are present, such as liquids and gases or solids and liquids. Solids are omitted from the equilibrium expression. The Significance of the Equilibrium Constant For any given temperature, there is only one value for the equilibrium constant. Kc  only changes if the temperature at which the reaction occurs changes. You can make some predictions about the chemical reaction based on whether the equilibrium constant is large or small. If the value for Kc is very large, then the equilibrium favors the reaction to the right, and there are more products than reactants. The reaction may be said to be complete or quantitative. If the value for the equilibrium constant is small, then the equilibrium favors the reaction to the left, and there are more reactants than products. If the value of Kc approaches zero, the reaction may be considered not to occur. If the values for the equilibrium constant for the forward and reverse reaction are nearly the same, then the reaction is about as likely to proceed in one direction, and the other and the amounts of reactants and products will be nearly equal. This type of reaction is considered to be reversible. Example Equilibrium Constant Calculation For the equilibrium between copper and silver ions: Cu(s) 2Ag ⇆ Cu2(aq) 2Ag(s) The equilibrium constant expression is written as: Kc [Cu2] / [Ag]2 Note the solid copper and silver were omitted from the expression. Also, note the coefficient for the silver ion becomes an exponent in the equilibrium constant calculation.

Critically Analyse the Legal and Political System of England Regarding Assignment

Critically Analyse the Legal and Political System of England Regarding the Case Study - Assignment Example The Financial Services Authority and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills are the two bodies monitoring the enforcement of the Companies Act 2006 in UK (Cahn 2010, p.19). It should be noted that the Companies Act 2010 contains strict rules in regard to a series of issues, such as ‘the involvement of directors in the trading of their companies’ securities’ (Cahn 2010, p.19) or the approval of critical transactions by the shareholders (Cahn 2010, p.19). However, the key mission of the above Act, as of company law in UK in general, is ‘to facilitate the operation of market forces’ (Hicks and Goo 2008, p.12). This trend is made clear in the following fact: privatization of companies in UK is continuously developed, mostly through the increase of employee share schemes across UK (Hicks and Goo 2008, p.12). The pressure on companies for aligning their activities with existing laws can be differentiated, under the influence of contradicting int erests (for example, the interests of employees as opposed to those of shareholders) and the need for securing competition. 1b. UK law and employee relations One of the most important characteristics of the legal framework of employee relations in UK is its inability to secure employee rights; the fact that the existing laws focusing on employee relations in UK are limited, compared to other countries, is considered as the key reason for the above phenomenon. Moreover, the laws related to employee relations seem to favour rather the employer, an assumption verified through the following fact: traditionally, the length of employment period has been a key term for deciding the right of employees across UK to ask for compensation in case of unfair dismissal (Hollinshead, Nicholls and Tailby 2002, p.519). Even employees in fixed term contracts are often asked to waive their rights to claim compensation in case of dismissal because of redundancy (Hollinshead, Nicholls and Tailby 2002, p. 519). Moreover, for the UK labour law, the rules related to employee relations can be applied only in cases of employees who work on the basis of a contract (Countouris 2007, p.78). This means that the UK labour law does not protect employees who work without an employment contract. In most European countries, employees’ rights are protected even if there is no employment contract; for instance, certain social security rights are recognized to employees who work without employment contract (Countouris, 2007, p.78). On the other hand, there is a series of legal texts addressing various employee relations’ issues; for example the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Wages Act 1986 (Countouris 2007, p.78-79). When evaluating the decision of Marks and Spencer to announce the closure of its stores in France just before the meeting with the employees’ representatives, reference should be made to the following fact: indeed, Marks and Spencer is primarily bound by the UK labour law. The application, though, of the labour laws of the host country, France, where the firm’s stores are located, cannot be excluded especially at the level that the local laws would be in opposition with the UK relevant legal rules. Marks and Spencer operates globally. This means that